Measuring Air Quality during the Closure Period Due To COVID 19 in Baghdad

Abstract

China announced that a person had severe and strange pneumonia and that the speed of transmission of the virus drew the attention of the world. The virus was found to be from the Corona family, i.e., coronaviruses. This virus began to spread worldwide until the World Health Organization announced its registration as a worldwide pandemic. The countries in which the virus appeared and recommended closing in the event of the disease spreading severely to cut the chain of transmission of infection. Iraq recorded the first case of infection on February 24, 2020, and then the virus began to spread rapidly in all governorates of the country, and the Supreme Committee for Health and Safety imposed a curfew in all the governorates. In this research, the air quality during the pre-closure and during the closure period in Baghdad was based on the Sentinel-5P satellite/tropospheric monitoring instrument and Giovanni-Earthdata during six months, starting from (1/1/2021 to 30/6/2021), where it was found through the research that the study of air quality gases (pm2.5, pm10, NO2, O3) during the pre-closure period and the total and partial closure. The research proved a decrease in pm2.5 and pm10 during the closing period, and NO2 recorded a decrease. It is clear during the closure period due to the prohibition of movement by vehicles, which reduced the combustion rate of fossil fuels, which is the main source of NO2. The research also proved that there is an inverse relationship between NO2 and O3, as the decrease of NO2 leads to an increase in O3 concentration ratios. We proved this with tables and figures and through research. We find that the air quality has improved significantly during the closure period in Baghdad, and this is a positive thing.