Analysis of Emission Characteristics in a Common Rail Diesel Engine Fueled with Biodiesel

Abstract

Global warming is a major concern, and the realization of carbon neutrality is leading to the strengthening of air environment policies. The automotive industry is shifting towards electrification because of environmental pollution caused by exhaust gas from vehicle, because of the depletion of fossil fuels and fluctuating oil prices. However, in this rapidly changing situation, it is being reported research that the pure internal combustion engine market will still be the main driving force for the next 10 years. This is because electricity produced by relying on thermal power and nuclear power generation cannot be a key solution to air pollution. Biodiesel can be produced by recycling energy resources and can also be extracted from animal or vegetable sources. Therefore, it is emerging again as an eco-friendly alternative fuel in the internal combustion engine market.

In this study, changes in emission gas characteristics were studied using biodiesel blended fuel. The common rail type diesel engine used in the experiment was used without any modification. First, exhaust emissions gas was measured under normal operating engine conditions. Secondly, exhaust emissions gas was measured even under abnormal conditions in which a cylinder misfire occurred with the same engine. On no-load operating condition, in an engine operating normally, used pure diesel and a biodiesel mixture (BD20) from three type each (Soybean, Coconut, Waste cooking oil) as fuel. As a result, biodiesel has significantly reduced PM and CO emissions compared to pure diesel. Especially, Soybean BD20 biodiesel showed the largest decrease. However, NO_x showed an increasing trend for biodiesel. In terms of HC, it was only emitted by pure diesel, and none of the three types of bio diesel was emitted HC. In the abnormal engine conditions where cylinder misfire occurred, bio diesel fuel of waste cooking oil was used and compared with pure diesel. As a result, it was confirmed that PM, CO, and HC were equally significantly reduced