Impact of Social Awareness, Attitude, Self Esteem, and Subjective Norm on the Citizen’s Civic Engagement on the National Security

Abstract

Empowering the central government is one of the ways to improve national security in countries facing national crises. One of the main pillars of these efforts is the supporting society or the environment in which civil society participates and engages in the government's efforts to re-stabilize national security. The main aim of identifying the critical factors of civic engagement and readiness to change in national security efforts from the citizen’s perception in Libya.  Two theories support the study thoughts:theory of social intelligence, and theory of change. According to recent reports, the population is estimated to be 4,713,534 people and according to Morgan's equation, 384 people is a valid sample size. A printed survey was used by the researcher's team to collect data directly. A questionnaire in Arabic is derived from literature and have 29 questions. The conceptual framework of this studyhasfive variables which are civic engagement (CE), attitude toward participants (ATP), social awareness (SA), self-esteem (SE), and subjective norms (SN). This study has four hypotheses, three hypotheses were accepted and one rejected. Based on the quantitative analysis, it can be found that subjective normhas no significant impact, social awareness has the highest impact (0.209), attitude towards participation has the second impact (0.106), and self esteem has the third impact (0.086). To enhance the citizens’ participation the decision makers need to increase the social awareness as it has the major impact.  Additional qualitative research studies can be conducted using interviews to further explain the non-significant relationship.