Subject of Courage and Generosity in the Poetry of Lamenting Friends in the Fourth Century Hijra

Abstract

     Courage is one of the most important moral values, especially among the Arabs, and throughout the ages, the brave is the one who was bold and daring, fearless of nothing.⁽¹⁾, and it is linked to other moral values, including: reason, justice and chastity.⁽²⁾ ; Therefore, we find courage mainly in moral values, if not to say the most important of them. The limit of courage ((the chest capacity to take the destructive things))⁽³⁾ , The brave must have a mastermind, and a tongue that speaks truth, justice, chastity and integrity, so it is: ((The body of war: courage, its heart: measure, its tongue is plot, its wings are obedience, and its companions are obedience)).⁽⁴⁾ , There are things that a person must take into account when taking action, for (it is not the courage for a man to make himself perish).⁽⁵⁾ ,  The Glory and Exalted have indicated in several places in his blessed book the importance of courage, taking into account the courage to fight and not to attack; God Almighty said⁽⁶⁾ , Courage is a high moral value, and it is one of the Arabic qualities that have been known since childhood.